How to choose, chill, open, serve and store champagne and sparkling wine.
With summer well and truly upon us, many people will have made the switch from a bottle of red to an ice-cold bottle of sparkling wine to help kickstart parties and barbecues. Here is your guide to choosing, chilling, opening, serving and storing sparkling wine – from Rockpool wine guru Sophie Otton and Chandon senior winemaker Dan Buckle.
What's the difference?
To be called champagne a sparkling wine must come from the Champagne region of northern France and be made using the "methode champenoise", in which secondary fermentation occurs in the bottle.
Sparkling wine made using the same process will have "methode traditionelle", "bottle fermented" or "methode champenoise" on the label.
Choosing a champagne or sparkling wine
Otton and Buckle agree that if you are buying sparkling wine rather than champagne you should choose one made by the traditional method, in which the wine is aged "sur lie", or on the yeast lees. This method allows flavours to develop and gives the wine a complex, biscuity aroma and fine bubbles.
Buckle says of methode traditionelle: "It brings with it complexity and affects the way it feels in your mouth. It's creamier."
Vintage versus non-vintage
Vintage champagne and vintage sparkling wine come from a single, excellent year and have been matured for at least three years. Because a vintage is not declared every year, it is generally more expensive.
A late disgorged wine (look for "LD" on the label or "RD" if it's French champagne) will have extended time on the lees and exhibit still more depth of flavour.
But don't discount non-vintage drops made from multiple vintages. Buckle says more than 80 per cent of champagne is non-vintage and it can be excellent quality. "Many champagne houses live and die by their non-vintage. For consistency of style and brand, non-vintage is a great starting point," he says.
However, he warns against buying discount non-vintage champagne of indeterminate provenance, which could suggest parallel importing. This is where a producer sells into one market but the bottle doesn't sell and it is then resold for export. This wine may have sat around for a long time and could taste stale.
Dry versus sweet
Check the label to discover a sparkling wine's level of sweetness. It ranges from doux (sweet), demi-sec (half-dry), sec (dry) and extra sec (extra dry) to brut (dry-dry), extra brut or brut naturel (the driest).
Colour and grapes
Champagne is usually made from a blend (or cuvee) of chardonnay grapes and red grapes: pinot noir and/or pinot meunier grapes. Rarer is blanc de blanc made only from chardonnay grapes, an ideal aperitif due to its citrus and mineral characters and blanc de noir, which uses only red grapes and tends to show bolder flavours, such as cherry, strawberries and spice.
Rose is often made using less than 10 per cent of red wine. These pink champagnes show lighter red fruits and on-the-cusp-of-ripeness strawberries.
Otton says champagne houses often fix themselves to a particular style so it's worth asking your independent local wine shop what each specialises in. For example, the Pol Roger style is fresh and lively and a good aperitif whereas Bollinger tends to have a richer, biscuity style with great depth of flavour.
Good buys
If your budget doesn't stretch to the real McCoy, Otton suggests Australian sparkling wines, particularly those from Tasmania such as the lower-end of the House of Arras portfolio. Alternatively she recommends Heemskerk, Stefano Lubiana, Jansz (especially the vintage rose) or Chandon.
"The Tasmanian producers have really got the edge when it comes to making the best Australian sparkling. Not only is the cool-cold climate conducive to delivering the right fruit but the resultant wines are more complex and sophisticated than ever," Otton says.
For imports, Otton suggests good quality sparklers including the citrusy Cremant de Loire and bottles from producers such as Ca' del Bosco and Bellavista. Wines from Franciacorta, in Italy, can also be very impressive, though they may be pricey.
Chilling
Comite Champagne, the French trade organisation for those in the champagne industry, says the correct way to chill a bottle is using a champagne bucket. A champagne bottle from the cellar plunged into a bucket filled with water and ice should reach the right temperature in 15 to 20 minutes.
Alternatively, lie the bottle down on the bottom shelf of your fridge for three or four hours before serving. You can leave it there even longer provided the temperature remains constant.
Don't try to speed-chill champagne in the freezer or you'll ruin its aromas and flavours.
Opening the bottle
Champagne corks can travel at up to 100km/h so it's worth being careful when you open a bottle. Here is the Rockpool in-house guide to injury-free bottle opening.
If all this silent bottle opening sounds a bit killjoy, there is a reason for it says Otton. "We don't let it pop because it disturbs the wine and a lot of the bubbles will dissipate. The most important thing to remember is to hold it away from your guests!"
Serving
Decent glassware is the key, says Buckle. "An old-fashioned bowl loses bubbles quickly and you can't catch the aromatics in the same way. A flute delivers the wine onto your tongue and has as an impact on your enjoyment," he says.
Buckle serves his champagne straight and abhors champagne cocktails: "It's a travesty. It's disrespectful to the maker. I am not a fan," he says.
If you are making a champagne cocktail, you can use a good sparkling wine, rather than champagne, especially if there is brandy or sugar obscuring the flavour, says Otton.
Adding elements such as strawberries or hibiscus will not enhance the drink's personality but neither will it negatively affect it.
With food
Champagne is traditionally sipped as an aperitif, but Buckle says it is fantastic with food too. He points to entire dinners served in the Champagne region accompanied solely by different champagnes.
Blanc de blanc goes well with shellfish, while a pinot noir-dominated sparkling or a blanc de noir partner excellently with pate and game birds.
Storage
Non-vintage champagne or sparkling wine is not designed for storage for any length of time because the producer has already done the maturing for you, but you can store vintage champagne for a long time. Bottles should be stored on their sides in a cool, dark place with little variation in temperature.
If you are storing an opened bottle in the fridge - for no more than 24 hours - invest in a proper champagne stopper. A spoon in the neck of the bottle does not work.